How to Write Like a Scientist And Consequently Be One

If you are looking forward to a scientific career, you should prepare yourself to years of writing in a weird, idiosyncratic manner that turns the contents of your writing, already nigh-incomprehensible for laymen, into a kind of a cipher, only readable to other scientists. There are, of course, reasons, and very good reasons, to write scientific articles in this way, but it doesn’t mean that even scientists themselves sometimes don’t feel resentful about the way they have to impart supposedly crucial information to the world – as if making sure it reaches as few people as possible. The language of scientific writing isn’t English per se – it is an extremely simplified, rigidly structured variation of the language in which there is only one way to say every particular thing. You don’t use synonyms to liven up the presentation – you may repeat one and the same word dozens of times and it won’t be considered tautological, because it is the way things are done around here. Of course, the fact that it is so is by no means random. Science by its very nature strives to be as precise as possible – and as a result, it strives to eliminate everything that may be read in a variety of ways. When you read a scientific article, you know precisely what this or that word, expression or construction means. However, this aspiration to achieve cleanliness and simplicity doesn’t explain why science essay writing is so fond of unnecessary complexities. For example, first person singular should be avoided like plague, as it adds too much personality to the text. At the very best, you may use first person plural. While almost any other manual, textbook and guideline suggests that you don’t use passive voice as it makes texts cumbersome and awkward, academic writing lives on it – until it doesn’t. It is so, really – in some respects scientific style allows for interpretations, as some magazines completely prohibit their contributors from using passive voice, while others don’t accept anything but it. References are another thing that characterizes scientific style. Sometimes they are legitimate and show that the work in question really was founded on previous writings of other people; but sometimes it turns into references for references’ sake – which is all too often seen in papers by new scientists who don’t have much to say yet but have to show some results. All too often writing like a scientist turns into writing as boringly and awkwardly as possible. And the only people who can change it are scientists themselves.

Being Part Of The Lgbt Community - 1799 Words

Part 1: Using peer-reviewed references, describe some of the risk factors for suicide in gay, lesbian, and/or/or bisexual youth in the United States, and how these risk factors are different and the same across these three groups. Provide some data, with original sources, regarding frequency of suicidal ideation, frequency of suicidal attempts, and frequency of suicide completion in these groups. Being part of the LGBT community comes with profound challenges that affect the individuals mentally and psychologically. The Lesbian, Gays, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) group are characterized by persons with a contrary view of the prevailing norm of sexuality that is practiced by the majority of the society who are heterosexual (Boswell, 1999). The primary concern is the mortality rates for the LGB individuals which are attributed suicide cases due to the external pressures that they are faced with. Suicide is an individual’s voluntary and intentional act of taking th eir life away when one feels hopeless and helpless (Rhoads, 1994). Most deaths that occur in the LGB groups are as a result of several individual, relationship, and societal factors that a person is exposed to. Research has indicated that three times the number of LGB youth commit suicide compared to their heterosexual peers (MA, Department of Education, 2006). Additionally, recent study by Grossman and D’Augelli (2007) gave evidence that 45% of the LGB youth contemplated suicide and 26% had attemptedShow MoreRelatedEffects of the Lgbt Community782 Words   |  4 PagesBisexual, and Transsexual Community on Friends and Family. When someone of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transsexual community reveals their sexual orientation to someone who is close to them, those relationships tend to have both negative and positive effects. Many members of the LGBT community feel the need to hide who they are from the people they care about due to their fear of being misunderstood. Negativity can ruin the self esteem of someone of the LGBT community, whereas positivity can strengthenRead MoreThe United States Economy Suffers Greatly Due To The Discrimination1705 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States economy suffers greatly due to the discrimination of the Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender (LGBT) community. In the past twelve years, LGBT businesses have provided $1.7 billion for the United States economy (Marks). Many Americans, especially those from religious backgrounds, are opponents of the LGBT community (Chu). Many LGBT students in high school are bullied and drop out because of all the discrimination. When they d rop out they are not able to obtain an education and get aRead MoreLgbt Community : The Transgender Community930 Words   |  4 Pages LGBT COMMUNITY: Excuse me, what are you doing here in the women s restroom? You are not supposed to be in here; there are no men urinals here!! Yelled the raggedy old lady with a crazy hairstyle, across the bathroom stall, as I was entering the women restroom in the target. Miss Roa face turned tomato red and said â€Å"Excuse me; I am a young lady who deserves fairness, righteousness, and equality. In this country, everyone should have the same equal rights no matter what!! So if you can excuseRead MoreThe Aging Of The United States976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States in 2010 (The State of Aging and Health in America, 2013). Mirroring the aging of the U.S. population as a whole, the number of self-identified LGBT adults age 65 or older is expected to double by 2030 -- from 1.5 million to 3 million (Dennis, 2014). For a marginalized lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community (LGBT), the choice of a health care surrogate to make medical decisions can be very difficult. Issues of disc rimination, lack of legal and social support, varying levelsRead MoreHomelessness Is An Epidemic That Plagues Many People Across The United States1142 Words   |  5 Pagesliving homeless can become especially difficult. Young people of the LGBT community are being put out of their homes, rejected by their families, and shunned by their communities in which they live because of their sexual orientation, something that they themselves have no choice over. This is because of prejudices that are put out by the community as a whole. It is difficult enough growing up as part of a minority group such as the LGBT group, but add homelessness into the equation, there becomes otherRead MoreMedia Analysis Feminism1658 Words   |  7 Pagesarticles related to LGBT issues—typically greater than a dozen for each weekly search—from which I selected only two per week. In sifting through the 16 articles, I identified three important themes that tie, by and large, the articles together: notions of inalienable rights (marriage), the normalization of homosexuality, and LGBT and frequently, by extension, women’s empowerment. I argue that the Times, by virtue of its wide distribution and generally positive portrayal of LGBT people, attempts toRead MoreThe New Laws Protecting Lgbt Community1452 Words   |  6 Pagesshould enter my brain, let that bullet destroy every closet door.†- Harvey Milk. Through time the LGBT community has not been treated with the rights that they deserve. They have not been able to express themselves the way most people are able too. Society has started to accept the LGBT community and give them rights. The new laws protecting LGBT community are affecting society by giving the LGBT community acceptance, preventing violence, and reducing the amount of discrimination. In the 1900’sRead MoreDeaf : The Deaf Community1351 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a Deaf community within nearly every community in America. Spanning across the country, this community overlaps with many other minority groups. There is a Deaf community within nearly every minority group not only in America, but worldwide. According to DeafQueer.org, the Deaf LGBT community is a community is a minority within a minority, making up ten percent of the Deaf community, or 2.8 million people. Although they span many races, classes, and sexualities, Deaf LGBT people tend toRead MoreLegal Situation For Same Sex Couples965 Words   |  4 Pagespartner preferences can be met. This is very important in being able to respect the patient’s wishes and involve the partner in decision making and treatment discussions (Harding, Epiphaniou, Chidgey, 2012, p. 609). Partners facing the loss of their same-sex loved one may experience disenfranchised grief—grief that is not ackn owledged or viewed as legitimate, owing to the relationship not being fully recognized by one’s family or community. This may limit the partner’s ability to grieve openly,Read MoreHomosexuality As A Mental Disorder Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesmembers of the LGBT community have been established to help welcome them into society, along with an improvement of the attitudes of others and their treatments towards the communities’ members. However, homophobia and the segregation of LGBT individuals still persists in modern society to prevent their integration into civilization. Following the declassification of homosexuality as a disease in 1973, a variety of methods have been made in attempts to help members of the LGBT community become assimilated

The Business of Water Free Essays

Question1: The main stakeholders for Coca-Cola and Nestle would be the parties that would be mostly affected and at stake if the plant was to close down in the case of the passing of the law of closure due to negative effects on the environment. Firstly, the employees of the company and their families would be the most at stake, as they would lose their source of income. And in the case of Coca-Cola it might be that most of the village of Palchimada is working at that plant, hence this would affect the whole social environment in the village. We will write a custom essay sample on The Business of Water or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand the villagers are also affected negatively as they are losing their water resources if Coca-Cola keeps operating. The second party at stake would be the suppliers of the company from boxes to ingredients and branding materials. Moreover, The shareholders of the company are affected as they would lose money, market share and return on investment, that would also give way for another stakeholder, which is the competition. Lastly, the customers and clients of such companies are also affected, however, companies as such are very big and are able to supply almost anyone around the world, therefore clients are not primarily at stake. Question2: Carroll’s four-part model of corporate social responsibility suggests that CSR includes the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic expectations placed on organizations by society at a given point of time. Under CSR pyramid, Nestle comes in the Ethical responsibility that is the third part of the pyramid. These responsibilities oblige the corporation to do what is right, just, and fair which Nestle perfectly abides with as the company never seemed to break any laws and was never involved in any unjust action. Regarding Nestle water plants, the company claims to be economically responsible by operating its plants in rural or remote areas, in the immediate vicinity of the water sources and in many cases, the company is an important economic base within the local community.i Generally, Nestle claims ethical responsibility. However, in this case it would prove the ethical responsibility if the company gave back to the community it operates in just like Coca-Cola did to prove that is an ethical company. On the top  of the pyramid is Philanthropic responsibility, which Nestle seems to be executing very well. Nestle has created many programs to improve peoples lives. Such as, helping to address micronutrient deficiencies through a process called â€Å"nutritional landscaping†. In addition to many more, Nestle also offers a Plan that provides expert training so that farmers can grow coffee more sustainably, as well as practical assistance, including high-quality disease-resistant plantlets.ii Question 3: Citizenship is defined as a set of individual rights that are governed by the government. In some cases the failure of governments to fulfill their functions along with the rise in corporate power has led corporations to have a bigger role in society similar to the one of political actors. This is the case, which led to the privatization of water where municipal water companies have been inefficient. One of the governmental roles was by the US multinational company Bechtel in Bolivia, Which found it challenging to make the company operate efficiently. Hence, a law was passed giving the company monopoly rights over in the ridings they operated in, leading to no free water what so ever. This is a very weak performance on the side of the government and the corporation. Water is a human right, necessary for the survival of human kind and forbidding people to use the water from their wells and even the rain is a foolish and senseless act. How to cite The Business of Water, Papers The Business Of Water Free Essays Question1: The main stakeholders for Coca-Cola and Nestle would be the parties that would be mostly affected and at stake if the plant was to close down in the case of the passing of the law of closure due to negative effects on the environment. Firstly, the employees of the company and their families would be the most at stake, as they would lose their source of income. And in the case of Coca-Cola it might be that most of the village of Palchimada is working at that plant, hence this would affect the whole social environment in the village. We will write a custom essay sample on The Business Of Water or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand the villagers are also affected negatively as they are losing their water resources if Coca-Cola keeps operating. The second party at stake would be the suppliers of the company from boxes to ingredients and branding materials. Moreover, The shareholders of the company are affected as they would lose money, market share and return on investment, that would also give way for another stakeholder, which is the competition. Lastly, the customers and clients of such companies are also affected, however, companies as such are very big and are able to supply almost anyone around the world, therefore clients are not primarily at stake. Question2: Carroll’s four-part model of corporate social responsibility suggests that CSR includes the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic expectations placed on organizations by society at a given point of time. Under CSR pyramid, Nestle comes in the Ethical responsibility that is the third part of the pyramid. These responsibilities oblige the corporation to do what is right, just, and fair which Nestle perfectly abides with as the company never seemed to break any laws and was never involved in any unjust action. Regarding Nestle water plants, the company claims to be economically responsible by operating its plants in rural or remote areas, in the immediate vicinity of the water sources and in many cases, the company is an important economic base within the local community. i Generally, Nestle claims ethical responsibility. However, in this case it would prove the ethical responsibility if the company gave back to the community it operates in just like Coca-Cola did to prove that is an ethical company. On the top of the pyramid is Philanthropic responsibility, which Nestle seems to be executing very well. Nestle has created many programs to improve peoples lives. Such as, helping to address micronutrient deficiencies through a process called â€Å"nutritional landscaping†. In addition to many more, Nestle also offers a Plan that provides expert training so that farmers can grow coffee more sustainably, as well as practical assistance, including high-quality disease-resistant plantlets. ii Question 3: Citizenship is defined as a set of individual rights that are governed by the government. In some cases the failure of governments to fulfill their functions along with the rise in corporate power has led corporations to have a bigger role in society similar to the one of political actors. This is the case, which led to the privatization of water where municipal water companies have been inefficient. One of the governmental roles was by the US multinational company Bechtel in Bolivia, Which found it challenging to make the company operate efficiently. Hence, a law was passed giving the company monopoly rights over in the ridings they operated in, leading to no free water what so ever. This is a very weak performance on the side of the government and the corporation. Water is a human right, necessary for the survival of human kind and forbidding people to use the water from their wells and even the rain is a foolish and senseless act. How to cite The Business Of Water, Papers

Titanic Essay Paper Example For Students

Titanic Essay Paper The film Titanic is riddled with moral dilemmas. In one of the scenes, the owner of Star Line, the shipping company that owned the now-sinking Unsinkable, joins a lowered life-boat. The tortured expression on his face demonstrates that even he experiences more than unease at his own conduct. Prior to the disaster, he instructs the captain to adopt a policy dangerous to the ship. Indeed, it proves fatal. A complicating factor was the fact that only women and children were allowed by the officers in charge into the lifeboats. Another was the discrimination against Third Class passengers. The boats sufficed only to half the number of those on board and the First Class, High Society passengers were preferred over the Low-Life immigrants under deck. Why do we all feel that the owner should have stayed on and faced his inevitable death? Because we judge him responsible for the demise of the ship. Additionally, his wrong instructions motivated by greed and the pursuit of celebrity were a cr ucial contributing factor. The owner should have been punished (in his future) for things that he has done (in his past). This is intuitively appealing. Would we have rendered the same judgement had the Titanics fate been the outcome of accident and accident alone? If the owner of the ship could have had no control over the circumstances of its horrible ending would we have still condemned him for saving his life? Less severely, perhaps. So, the fact that a moral entity has ACTED (or omitted, or refrained from acting) in its past is essential in dispensing with future rewards or punishments. The product liability approach also fits here. The owner (and his long arms: manufacturer, engineers, builders, etc.) of the Titanic were deemed responsible because they implicitly contracted with their passengers. They made a representation (which was explicit in their case but is implicit in most others): This ship was constructed with knowledge and forethought. The best design was employed to avoid danger. The best materials to increase pleasure. That the Titanic sank was an irreversible breach of this contract. In a way, it was an act of abrogation of duties and obligations. The owner/manufacturer of a product must compensate the consumers should his product harm them in any manner that they were not explicitly, clearly, visibly and repeatedly warned against. Moreover, he should even make amends if the product failed to meet the reasonable and justified expectations of consumers, based on such warrants and representations. The payment should be either in kind (as in more ancient justice systems) or in cash (as in modern Western civilization). The product called Titanic took away the lives of its end-users. Our gut justice tells us that the owner should have paid in kind. Faulty engineering, insufficient number of lifeboats, over-capacity, hubris, passengers and crew not drilled to face emergencies, extravagant claims regarding the ships resilience, contravening the cap tains professional judgement. All these seem to be sufficient grounds to the death penalty. And yet, this is not the real question. The serious problem is this : WHY should anyone pay in his future for his actions in the past? First, there are some thorny issues to be eliminated. Such as determinism: if there is no free will, there can be no personal responsibility. Another is the preservation of personal identity: are the person who committed the act and the person who is made to pay for it one and the same? If the answer is in the affirmative, in which sense are they the same, the physical, the mental? Is the overlap only limited and probabilistic? Still, we could assume, for this discussions sake, that the personal identity is undeniably and absolutely preserved and that there is free will and, therefore, that people can predict the outcomes of their actions, to a reasonable degree of accuracy and that they elect to accept these outcomes prior to the commission of their acts or t o their omission. All this does not answer the question that opened this paragraph. Even if there were a contract signed between the acting person and the world, in which the person willingly, consciously and intelligently (=without diminished responsibility) accepted the future outcome of his .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413 , .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413 .postImageUrl , .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413 , .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413:hover , .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413:visited , .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413:active { border:0!important; } .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413:active , .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413 .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud3ccbace850c455fbc78c844bf2d9413:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Phaedo Summary Essay